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| Srovnání polysacharidové a konjugované vakcíny proti pneumokokovým nákazám | |
|
Určeno
pro širokou i odbornou lékařskou veřejnost
|
|---|
|
V
posledních letech se stále častěji uplatňuje očkování novou konjugovanou
vakcínou proti pneumokokovým nákazám, která je určitě spolehlivější v
ochraně vůči invazivním pneumokokovým onemocněním než je původní tradiční
polysacharidová vakcína. Přesto má tato nová konjugovaná vakcína i své
limity, a tak nelze jednoduše nahradit očkování polysacharidovou vakcínou
očkováním s konjugovanou. |
| Srovnání konjugované a polysacharidové vakcíny | ||
| Parametr |
Konjugovaná
7valentní vakcína
|
Polysacharidová
23valentní vakcína
|
| Vakcinační
pokrytí výskytu pneumokoků v Evropě |
65-80%
|
90-99%
|
| Imunogenita
- séroprotekce (při hladinách >=1,0 µg/ml) |
>90%
[35,36]
|
70-90%
[1-12]
|
| Prevence invazivních pneumokokových onemocnění (jen vakcinační sérotypy) |
>95%
[37]
|
60-80%
[13-25]
|
| Prevence
akutního zánětu středouší (jen vakcinační sérotypy) |
30-60%
[37-39]
|
0/50%*
[26-30]
|
| Prevence bacilonosičství |
10%
[40-45]
|
0/50%*
[31-34]
|
| *) Nejednoznačná průkaznost | ||
| Literatura: 1. Musher DM, Luchi MJ, Watson DA, et al. Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in young adults and older bronchitics: Determination of IgG responses by ELISA and the effect of adsorption of serum with non-type-specific cell wall polysaccharide. J Infect Dis 161:728-735, 1990. 2. Shyamala GN, Roberton DM, Hosking CS. Human-isotype-specific enzyme immunoassay for antibodies to pneumococcal polysaccharides. J Clin Microbiol 26:1575-1579, 1988. 3. Bardardottir E, Jonsson S, Jonsdottir I, et al. IgG subclass response and opsonization of Streptococcus pneumoniae after vaccination of healthy adults. J Infect Dis 162:482-488, 1990. 4. Kaniuk AS, Lortan JE, Monteil MA. Specific IgG subclass antibody levels and phagocytosis of serotype 14 pneumococcus following immunization. Scand J Immunol Suppl 11:96-98, 1992. 5. Vitharsson G, Jonsdottir I, Jonsson S, Valdimarsson H. Opsonization and antibodies to capsular and cell wall polysaccharides of Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Infect Dis 170:592-599, 1994. 6. Rijkers GT, Sanders EAM, Breukels MA, Zegers BJM. Responsiveness of infants to capsular polysaccharides: Implications for vaccine development. Rev Med Microbiol 7:3-12, 1996. 7. Nahm MH, Olander JV, Magyarlaki M. Identification of cross-reactive antibodies with low opsonophagocytic activity for Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Infect Dis 176:698-703, 1997. 8. Musher DM, Groover JE, Watson DA, Pandey JP. Genetic regulation of the capacity to make immunoglobulin G to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides. J Invest Med 45:57-68, 1997 9. Barrett DJ, Ayoub EM. IgG2 subclass restriction of antibody to pneumococcal polysaccharides. Clin Exp Immunol 63:127-134, 1986. 10. Chudwin DS, Artrip SG, Schiffman G. Immunoglobulin G class and subclass antibodies to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 44:114-121, 1987. 11. Musher DM, Groover JE, Rowland JM, et al. Antibody to capsular polysaccharides of Streptococcuspneumoniae: Prevalence, persistence, and response to revaccination. Clin Infect Dis 17:66-73, 1993. 12. Sankilampi U, Isoaho R, Bloigu A, et al. Effect of age, sex and smoking habits on pneumococcal antibodies in an elderly population. Int J Epidemiol 26:420-427, 1997. 13. Riley ID, Lehmann D, Alpers MP. Pneumococcal vaccine trials in Papua New Guinea: Relationships between epidemiology of pneumococcal infection and efficacy of vaccine. Rev Infect Dis 13(suppl 6):s535-s541, 1991. 14. Riley ID, Lehmann D, Alpers MP, et al. Pneumococcal vaccine prevents death from acute lower-respiratory-tract infections in Papua New Guinean children. Lancet 2:877-881, 1986. Lehmann D, Marshall TF, Riley ID, Alpers MP. Effect of pneumococcal vaccine on morbidity from acute lower respiratory tract infections in Papua New Guinean children. Ann Trop Paediatr 11:247-257, 1991. 15. Fiore AE, Elliott JA, Franklin AR, et al. Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine effectiveness among children of ages 2 through 5. Abstracts of the 3 5th Annual Meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America; San Francisco, CA; 1997; p 186. 16. Austrian R, Douglas RM, Schiffman G, et al. Prevention of pneumococcal pneumonia by vaccination. Trans Assoc Am Physicians 89:184-194, 1976. 17. Smit P, Oberholzer D, Hayden-Smith S, et al. Protective efficacy of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines. JAMA 238:2613-2616, 1977. 18. Simberkoff MS, Cross AP, Al-Ibrahim M, et al. Efficacy of pneumococcal vaccine in high-risk patients: Results of a Veterans Administration Cooperative Study. N Engl J Med 315:1318-1327, 1986. 19. Gaillat J, Zmirou D, Mallaret M, et al. Clinical trial of pneumococcal vaccine among institutionalized elderly [French]. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publ 33:437-444, 1985. 20. Forrester HL, Jahnigen DW, LaForce FM. Inefficacy of pneumococcal vaccine in a high-risk population. Am J Med 83:425-430, 1987. 21. Sims RV, Steinmann WC, McConville JH, et al. The clinical effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccine in the elderly. Ann Intern Med 108:653-657, 1988. 22. Shapiro ED, Berg AT, Austrian R, et al. The protective efficacy of polyvalent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. N Engl J Med 325:1453-1460, 1991. 23. Davidson M, Parkinson AJ, Bulkow LR, et al. Epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease-reply. J Infect Dis 171:1065-1066, 1995. 24. Farr BM, Johnston BL, Cobb DK, et al. Preventing pneumococcal bacteremia in patients at risk: Results of a matched case-control study. Arch Intern Med 155:2336-2340, 1995. 25. Butler JC, Breiman RF, Campbell JF, et al. Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine efficacy: An evaluation of current recommendations. JAMA 270:1826-1831, 1993. 26. Douglas RM, Miles HB. Vaccination against Streptococcus pneumoniae in childhood: Lack of demonstrable benefit in young Australian children. J Infect Dis 149:861-869, 1984. 27. Makela PH, Leinonen M, Pukander J, Karma P. A study of the pneumococcal vaccine in prevention of clinically acute attacks of recurrent otitis media. Rev Infect Dis 3:sl24-sl32, 1981. 28. Karma P, Pukander J, Sipila M. Prevention of otitis media in children by pneumococcal vaccination. Am J Otolaryngol 6:173-184, 1985. 29. Teele DW, Klein JO. Use of pneumococcal vaccine for prevention of recurrent acute otitis media in infants in Boston. Rev Infect Dis 3:sll3-sll8, 1981. 30. Howie VM, Ploussard J, Sloyer JL, Hill JC. Use of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in preventing otitis media in infants: Different results between racial groups. Pediatrics 73:79-81, 1984. 31. Douglas RM, Hansman D, Miles HB, Paton JC. Pneumococcal carriage and type-specific antibody: Failure of a 14-valent vaccine to reduce carriage in healthy children. Am J Dis Child 140:1183- 1185, 1986. 32. Herva E, Luotonen J, Timonen M. The effect of polyvalent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine on nasopharyngeal and nasal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Scand J Infect Dis 12:97-100, 1980. 33. Rosen C, Christensen P, Hovelius B, Prellner K. A longitudinal study of the nasopharyngeal carriage of pneumococci as related to pneumococcal vaccination in children attending day-care centres. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 98:524-532, 1984. 34. Riley ID, Lehmann D, Alpers MP. Pneumococcal vaccine trials in Papua New Guinea: Relationships between epidemiology of pneumococcal infection and efficacy of vaccine. Rev Infect Dis 13(suppl 6):s535-s541, 1991. 35. Eskola J, Kilpi T, Palmu A, Jokinen J, Haapakoski J, Herva E, Takala A, Kayhty H, Karma P, Kohberger R, Siber G, Makela PH; Finnish Otitis Media Study Group. Efficacy of a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against acute otitis media. N Engl J Med. 2001 Feb 8;344(6):403-9. Summary for patients in: Can Fam Physician. 2002 Nov;48:1777-9. 36. Steven B, et all. Efficacy, safety and immunogenicity of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children, Pediatr Infect Dis J, 2000;19:187-95 Vol. 19, No. 3 37. Black S, Shinefield H, Ray P, et al. Efficacy of heptavalent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine (Wyeth Lederle) in 37,000 infants and children: impact on pneumonia, otitis media, and an update on invasive disease - results of the Northern California Kaiser Permanente Efficacy Trial. In: Program and abstracts of the 39th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, San Francisco, September 26-29, 1999. Washington, D.C.: American Society for Microbiology, 1999:379. abstract. 38. Eskola J, Kilpi T, Palmu A, Jokinen J, Haapakoski J, Herva E, Takala A, Kayhty H, Karma P, Kohberger R, Siber G, Makela PH; Finnish Otitis Media Study Group. Efficacy of a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against acute otitis media. N Engl J Med. 2001 Feb 8;344(6):403-9. Summary for patients in: Can Fam Physician. 2002 Nov;48:1777-9. 39. Fireman B, Black SB, Shinefield HR, Lee J, Lewis E, Ray P. Impact of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on otitis media. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2003 Jan;22(1):10-6. Erratum in: Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2003 Feb;22(2):163. 40. Obaro SK, Adegbola RA, Banya WA, Greenwood BM. Carriage of pneumococci after pneumococcal vaccination [letter]. Lancet 348:271-272, 1996. 41. Dagan R, Muallem M, Melamed R, et al. Reduction of pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage in early infancy after immunization with tetravalent pneumococcal vaccines conjugated to either tetanus toxoid of diphtheria toxoid. Pediatr Infect Dis J 16:1060-1064, 1997. 42. Kristinsson KG, Sigurdardottir ST, Gudnason T, et al. Effect of vaccination with octavalent protein conjugated pneumococcal vaccines on pneumococcal carriage in infants. Abstracts of the 3 7th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; Toronto; 1997; p 193. 43. Mbelle N, Wasas A, Huebner R, et al. Immunogenicity and impact on carriage of 9-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine given to infants in Soweto, South Africa. Abstracts of the 3 7th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy [program addendum]; Toronto; 1997; p 13. 44. Dagan R, Givon N, Yagupsky P, et al. Effect of a 9-valent pneumococcal vaccine conjugated to CRM<197 (PncCRM9) on nasopharyngeal (NP) carriage of vaccine type and non-vaccine type S. pneumoniae (Pnc) strains among day care center (DCC) attendees, abstract G52 of 38th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. San Diego, Sept 24-27, 1998. 45. Millar EV, O'Brien KL, Watt JP, Bronsdon MA, Dallas J, Whitney CG, Reid R, Santosham M., Effect of community-wide conjugate pneumococcal vaccine use in infancy on nasopharyngeal carriage through 3 years of age: a cross-sectional study in a high-risk population.,Clin Infect Dis. 2006 Jul 1;43(1):8-15. Epub 2006 May 18. |
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Marek Petráš |
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Přidáno:
15/10/2007
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